Sodium Low (Hyponatremia): Types, Causes, and Safety Checks

Hyponatremia means low serum sodium. Searches include "sodium 127", "SIADH diet", "low sodium symptoms". Determining chronicity, volume status, and serum/urine osmolality guides care.

Common causes by bucket

• SIADH: pain, nausea, SSRIs, pulmonary or CNS disease; urine osmolality often high.
• Diuretics, especially thiazides.
• Hypervolemic: heart failure, cirrhosis, kidney failure.
• Primary polydipsia or very low solute intake ("tea and toast", beer potomania).
• Hyperglycemia: correct sodium for glucose to avoid misinterpretation.

Safety notes (education)

• Rapid correction can cause osmotic demyelination; management requires clinician oversight.
• Seek urgent care for seizures, severe vomiting, confusion, or rapidly worsening symptoms.

Educational use only. Not medical advice.